N4: NOBEL PRIZES

• Nobel Prize was instituted by the inventor of dyanamite, Alfred Bernanrd Nobel.The awards are being given since 1901.
• This award is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering and path breaking discoveries in the fileds of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Pece, Literature and Economics.
• The Nobel for Economics was instituted in 1964 and was first given in 1969.
• Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to receive the honour for his work Gitanjali.
• 8 Indians won Nobel so far.
• Malala Yousafzai was the youngest ( 17 yesrs ) to have received the honour.
• All the prizes are given in Stockhom, where as Peace prize is given in Oslo.
• Marie Curie was the first woman and the first person to receive the honour twice.
• The oldest person to receive the honour is Francis Peyton Rous ( at the age of 87 years.)
• USA is the country with highest number of Nobel laureates.
• No awards were given in the period of 1940-42.(there was no awarding due to the world war)

THE FIRST PERSONS TO WIN THE NOBEL IN VARIOUS FIELDS:

PHYSICS: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, Germany

CHEMISTRY: JcobusHernicus VAn’t Hoff

PHYSIOLOGY: Emil Adolf Von Behring

LITERATURE: Sully Prudhomme( France)

PEACE: Jean Henry Dunant( Germany) and Frederic Passy(France)

ECONOMICS: Ragnar Frisch( Norway) & Jan Tinbergen ( Netherlands)

NOBEL DOUBLERS:

Marie Curie for Physics (1903) and Chemistry(1911)

Linus Pauling for Chemistry (1954) and Peace ( 1962)

John Bardeen for Physics(1956& 1972)

Frederick Sanger for Chemistry (1958 & 1980)

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